Peptides A-Z
Each substance gets its own page with the same structure every time: what it is, research status, what studies found, harms, regulation, quality, FAQ and numbered sources.
Doses are shown only as used in studies, with sources. This site gives no dosing recommendations.
By topic
Weight-loss drugs and GLP-1
Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus (semaglutide), Mounjaro (tirzepatide), Saxenda and Ablymico (liraglutide), and retatrutide on one page.
Blends have their own section
CJC-1295 + ipamorelin, GLOW, KLOW, Semax + Selank, TITAN and WOLVERINE, plus an overview article on blends.
Dosing and calculators
Doses used in studies or official dosing, with sources, and per-substance calculators. No recommendations.
User experiences
36 experiences pages: what users themselves report on Reddit. Not research.
Guides by topic
Peptide basics, skin and collagen, weight-loss drugs, side effects, law and quality, with sources.
User experiences
These substances and topics have their own experiences page: a summary of public Reddit posts. The accounts are not research and do not prove that anything works.
All 59 substances by topic, in alphabetical order.
Weight-loss drugs (GLP-1), 5 substances
This group holds the weight-loss and diabetes drugs that act on the GLP-1, GIP, glucagon or amylin receptors. Some are approved prescription medicines and some are still in trials. Each substance page states its approval status.
Cagrilintide (CagriSema)
A long-acting amylin analogue, studied with semaglutide as CagriSema. Phase 3 trials published.
No marketing authorisationLiraglutide (Saxenda)
A GLP-1 receptor agonist injected once a day. Authorised medicine for weight management and diabetes.
Approved medicineRetatrutide
An investigational drug acting on three hormone receptors, phase 3 trials under way.
No marketing authorisationSemaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)
A GLP-1 receptor agonist. Authorised medicine for diabetes and obesity.
Approved medicineTirzepatide (Mounjaro)
Acts on GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Authorised medicine for diabetes and weight management.
Approved medicineMetabolism and weight, 6 substances
This group holds substances studied for metabolism and body weight. The amount of research differs a lot from one substance to the next. See the evidence level on each substance’s own page.
5-Amino-1MQ (not a peptide)
A small-molecule inhibitor of the NNMT enzyme, not a peptide. Studied only in mice, rats and cells.
No marketing authorisationAICAR (acadesine, not a peptide)
A nucleoside that activates AMPK. Studied in humans as an infusion into a vein during heart surgery; the endurance gain was seen only in mice.
No marketing authorisation, banned by WADAL-carnitine (not a peptide)
A compound that carries fatty acids into mitochondria, not a peptide. Authorised medicinal products in the US (carnitine deficiency) and 12 EU countries, none in Finland; as a supplement studied for weight, exercise and heart disease, with small or uncertain benefits.
On Fimea's medicines list, no marketing authorisation in FinlandMOTS-c
Mitochondria-derived peptide. Evidence mainly from mice, banned in sport.
No marketing authorisationSLU-PP-332 (not a peptide)
A small molecule that activates ERR receptors, an "exercise mimetic". Studied only in mice and cells.
No human studiesVitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin, not a peptide)
The synthetic form of vitamin B12, not a peptide. In deficiency, doses by mouth and into a muscle raised levels in randomised trials; without a deficiency no benefit has been shown.
Marketing authorisation in Finland, by mouthSubstances related to the growth hormone system, 11 substances
This group holds substances related to the growth hormone system. Most act on the release or regulation of growth hormone, and some are IGF-1 variants or derived from a fragment of growth hormone. It includes both approved medicines and research chemicals. Each substance page states the approval status and the evidence.
AOD-9604
A peptide derived from a fragment of growth hormone. Mouse and rat studies; efficacy in humans not shown. Only a safety summary published.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listCJC-1295
A long-acting GHRH analogue. Small studies in healthy adults, no marketing authorisation.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listGHRP-2
A growth hormone releaser. Dozens of small human studies, no marketing authorisation.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listGHRP-6
A growth hormone secretagogue. Old small human studies, no authorisation, banned in sport.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listHexarelin
A growth hormone releaser that also raises cortisol and prolactin. The response weakens with continuous use.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listIGF-1 LR3
A modified analogue of IGF-1. No human studies, banned in sport.
No marketing authorisationIpamorelin
A growth hormone secretagogue. No marketing authorisation, banned in sport, named by Fimea.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listMK-677 (ibutamoren, not a peptide)
An oral growth hormone secretagogue, not a peptide. No marketing authorisation, banned in sport.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listSermorelin
The 29-amino-acid stretch of GHRH. A former US medicine, no EU marketing authorisation.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listSomatropin (growth hormone)
A prescription medicine identical to human growth hormone, for growth disorders. In healthy people it increased lean mass, not strength or endurance.
Prescription medicine, doping substanceTesamorelin
A GHRH-like peptide. Approved in the US, not in the EU. Prohibited in sport.
Approved in the US, not in the EUTissue repair, 6 substances
This group holds substances studied for the repair of tissues such as tendons, muscle and the gut. Check each substance page to see whether it has been studied in humans or only in cells and animals.
ARA-290 (cibinetide)
A peptide derived from erythropoietin that does not raise red blood cells. Small human studies in nerve damage; orphan designation in the EU and the US.
No marketing authorisationBPC-157
A 15-amino-acid peptide studied mainly in animals.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listEPO (epoetin)
The kidney hormone that drives red cell production; epoetins are prescription medicines for anaemia. In cyclists a maximal test improved, a race-like climb did not.
Prescription medicine, banned by WADAFollistatin (FS-344)
A myostatin-binding protein. Studied in humans only as gene therapy in muscle disease; the protein sold online has not been studied as a treatment.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listMGF (mechano growth factor)
A fragment of a splice form of the IGF-1 gene. In humans only the muscle's own production after exercise has been measured; the substance has not been given to humans.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listTB-500
A fragment of thymosin beta-4. Animal and laboratory studies, no human data.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listSkin and collagen, 4 substances
This group holds collagen and the peptides used in skincare or studied for the skin. Some are supplements or cosmetics and some are research chemicals. The pages say what the skin studies actually measured.
Collagen peptides
An edible food supplement, not an injectable peptide. Skin evidence depends on funding.
Food supplementGHK-Cu (copper peptide)
A copper-binding tripeptide. Cosmetic ingredient, not studied as an injection.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listMelanotan 1 (afamelanotide, Scenesse)
An alpha-MSH analogue. The approved medicine afamelanotide is an implant placed under the skin for light sensitivity.
Implant approved, online product notPeptides in skincare
Ingredients in creams and serums. Small studies, often linked to manufacturers.
Cosmetic ingredientBrain, mood and sleep, 8 substances
This group holds substances studied for the brain, mood and sleep. Approval status differs from country to country, so each substance page states it separately.
Cerebrolysin
A peptide mixture made from pig brain. Authorised in nine EU countries; the largest stroke trial found no difference from placebo.
Not authorised in FinlandDSIP
A sleep peptide from the 1970s. Small human studies conflicting, role in sleep unclear.
No marketing authorisationNoopept (omberacetam, dipeptide derivative)
A dipeptide derivative developed in Russia and described as a relative of piracetam. Mostly Russian animal studies and a few small human studies.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listOxytocin
A hormone medicine used in childbirth. Nasal spray benefit for social behaviour and autism not shown.
Approved medicinePinealon
A three-amino-acid peptide (EDR) from the St Petersburg bioregulator school. Cell and rat studies and a few small Russian human studies.
No marketing authorisationSelank
A peptide studied for anxiety. Only small Russian studies, no EU marketing authorisation.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listSemax
A peptide based on an ACTH segment. Studied mainly in Russian publications, no EU marketing authorisation.
No marketing authorisationTRH (protirelin)
The body's own three-amino-acid hormone. As a medicine only a diagnostic pituitary test; treatment in pregnancy did not help preterm babies.
Diagnostic medicine, not authorised in FinlandSexual and reproductive health, 7 substances
This group holds substances related to sexual and reproductive health. Some are approved medicines for a specific use and some are research chemicals. Each substance page says which is which.
Gonadorelin (GnRH)
A synthetic form of the body's own GnRH hormone. Used for a pituitary function test and, given in pulses by a pump, in infertility treatment.
Prescription medicine, not authorised in FinlandhCG (chorionic gonadotropin)
A placental hormone used as a prescription medicine in fertility treatment. Ineffective for weight loss in studies; a doping substance under Finnish criminal law.
Prescription medicine, doping substancehMG (menotropin)
A mixture of FSH and LH purified from the urine of postmenopausal women, for fertility treatment. Authorised in Finland and a doping substance under Finnish criminal law.
Fertility medicine, doping substanceKisspeptin
A peptide that controls reproductive hormones. Small human studies, no approved medicine.
No marketing authorisationMelanotan II
A synthetic alpha-MSH analogue. No marketing authorisation, only small human studies.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listPT-141 (bremelanotide)
A melanocortin agonist. Approved in the US for low sexual desire in women, not in the EU.
Approved in the US, not in the EUTriptorelin
A long-acting GnRH agonist. Approved for prostate cancer, add-on breast cancer treatment and endometriosis, among others; continued use shuts down sex hormone production.
Prescription medicineAgeing and cell energy, 7 substances
This group holds substances studied for ageing and the energy metabolism of cells. On each substance page, human studies are kept apart from cell and animal studies.
Epitalon
A synthetic tetrapeptide. Evidence mainly from cell and animal studies, mostly from one group.
No marketing authorisation, on Fimea's medicines listFOXO4-DRI
An experimental peptide that removes senescent cells. Studied only in cells and animals, not in humans.
No marketing authorisation, no human studiesGlutathione
The body's own antioxidant. Supplement benefit unclear, serious risks with skin-lightening injections.
Food supplementHumanin
A 24-amino-acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA. In humans only the body's own levels have been measured.
No marketing authorisationNAD+ (not a peptide)
A cellular coenzyme. Evidence mainly from precursors, not NAD+ injections.
No marketing authorisationNMN (not a peptide)
An NAD+ precursor, not a peptide. Raises NAD levels, benefit unclear. No EU novel food authorisation.
Unauthorised novel foodSS-31 (elamipretide)
A peptide acting on mitochondria. Approved in the US for Barth syndrome only.
Approved in the US, not in the EUImmunity and inflammation, 5 substances
This group holds substances studied for the immune system and inflammation. It includes both substances used as medicines and research chemicals. The pages state the evidence level and approval status.
KPV
A three-amino-acid piece of alpha-MSH. Cell and mouse studies, no human studies.
No marketing authorisationLL-37
The human body's own antimicrobial peptide. Small wound studies; the largest found no difference from placebo.
No marketing authorisationThymalin
A peptide mixture extracted from calf thymus. Small Russian human studies as an add-on treatment, none placebo-controlled.
No marketing authorisation in the EUThymosin alpha-1
A thymus peptide. No benefit in a large sepsis trial, no marketing authorisation in Finland.
Approved in Italy, not in FinlandVIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)
The body's own messenger. No benefit in COVID trials, a medicine for erectile dysfunction.
Approved in combination in some EU countries