BPC-157 vs TB-500: what is the difference?

Updated 15 Oct 2026 Author: Molecular Recovery editorial team About 14 min read Drafted with the help of AI; sources and claims checked separately.

According to Fimea (the Finnish Medicines Agency), peptides sold online are advertised for things such as recovery, and the names BPC-157 and TB-500 are used in this selling [26]regulator. This comparison sets out what is actually known about each, what animal studies promise and why the promise cannot yet be carried over to humans.

In short. BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids, and TB-500 is a seven amino acid piece of thymosin beta-4 [1, 2]regulator. BPC-157 has three small human studies without a control group [5, 6, 7]B; for TB-500 the FDA found none [2]regulator. In the only head-to-head comparison, a rat study, TB-500 improved the strength of a repaired Achilles tendon significantly and BPC-157 only numerically, and the combination added no benefit [4]C. In Finland both are in annex 1 A of the Fimea list of medicines, and in sport both are banned at all times [27, 28]regulator.

The key difference in short

The biggest difference is the human evidence. BPC-157 has been given to people in three small private clinic studies without a control group [5, 6, 7]B. For TB-500, the FDA found no article in which the substance was given to a human [2]regulator.

In the only study that compared the two directly, TB-500 improved the strength of a repaired rat Achilles tendon statistically significantly and BPC-157 only numerically [4]C. There are still far more animal studies of BPC-157: of the 36 studies in a systematic review, 35 were animal or cell studies [8]C.

Neither is an approved medicine in the EU [29]regulator. According to the FDA, clinical safety information on BPC-157 is insufficient, and the potential risks of TB-500 in humans are unknown [1, 2]regulator.

Comparison table: BPC-157 vs TB-500 vs thymosin beta-4

The table also includes full-length thymosin beta-4, because TB-500 is often confused with it, and the WOLVERINE blend, which sellers say contains both. The letter is the evidence level, not a result.

Sources read on 15 Oct 2026.
Substance	What it is	Human studies	Animal studies	Finland and WADA 2026
BPC-157	Synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids [1]regulator	3 small studies without a control group [5, 6, 7]B; a placebo-controlled hamstring trial is recruiting [31]E, not peer-reviewed	Tendon, ligament and muscle healed better in rats [9, 10, 11]C	Annex 1 A of the list of medicines [27]regulator; WADA S0 [28]regulator
TB-500	A 7 amino acid piece of thymosin beta-4, in analyses Ac-LKKTETQ [3]regulator [16]D	None [2]regulator; a phase 1/2 trial is recruiting [33]E, not peer-reviewed	A repaired Achilles tendon withstood more load in rats [4]C	Annex 1 A of the list of medicines [27]regulator; WADA S2.3 [28]regulator
Thymosin beta-4	The body's own, much longer protein [16]D	Phase 1 safety trials in healthy people, into a vein [23, 24]A	Helped skin wounds heal in mice [19]C	Not named in the list of medicines [27]regulator; WADA S2.3 [28]regulator
WOLVERINE (blend)	Sellers declare BPC-157 and TB-500, usually 1:1; not tested independently [35]E, not peer-reviewed	None of the blend	The combination added no benefit in rats [4]C	Both declared parts in annex 1 A and on the WADA list [27, 28]regulator

What is BPC-157 and what is TB-500?

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids [1]regulator with the amino acid sequence GEPPPGKPADDAGLV [9]C. It is a partial sequence of a protein described from human gastric juice [13]D. In drug development it was studied for inflammatory bowel disease under the name PL 14736 [9]C.

TB-500 is a synthetic peptide that the FDA describes as the thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ [3]regulator. A doping laboratory identified in a TB-500 product the form of this sequence acetylated at its N-terminus, Ac-LKKTETQ, which matches amino acids 17 to 23 of human thymosin beta-4 [16]D. According to a doping study in horse racing, TB-500 is a veterinary preparation whose misuse is controlled in equine sport [17]D.

Both are peptides, that is, short chains of amino acids, but they are not related: BPC-157 comes from a gastric juice protein [13]D and TB-500 from thymosin beta-4 [16]D.

According to Fimea, the label "for research use only" means the product is not intended for humans [26]regulator.

Read more: What are peptides? | Peptides A-Z

Is TB-500 the same active substance as thymosin beta-4?

No. Thymosin beta-4 is a protein of the human body, and TB-500 is a seven amino acid piece of it [16]D. That is why human studies of thymosin beta-4 are not studies of TB-500.

Full-length thymosin beta-4 has been given into a vein to healthy volunteers in two randomised phase 1 trials. In a US trial, four groups of ten received a single dose and then daily doses for 14 days, or placebo; there were no dose-limiting toxicities or serious adverse events [24]A. In a Chinese trial, 54 people received a single dose and 30 repeated doses of recombinant thymosin beta-4 or placebo, and adverse events were mild to moderate [23]A.

On the WADA Prohibited List, thymosin beta-4 and its derivatives, for example TB-500, are in the same class, S2.3 [28]regulator. The Fimea list of medicines names TB-500 but not thymosin beta-4 [27]regulator.

How they work: mechanisms side by side

Neither mechanism has been shown in humans. According to the FDA, the molecular targets of BPC-157 have not been identified and its mechanism is poorly understood [1]regulator.

BPC-157: in human vascular endothelial cells, BPC-157 increased the amount of the VEGFR2 receptor but not of its growth factor VEGF-A, and activated the Akt-eNOS pathway that runs through the VEGFR2 receptor [12]D. In rats it sped up the return of blood flow in a limb whose blood supply had been reduced [12]C. In rat tendon cells it did not directly increase cell division but increased cell migration and survival [13]D. According to a systematic review, BPC-157 increased growth hormone receptor expression in animal and cell studies [8]D.

TB-500: the LKKTETQ sequence of thymosin beta-4 is the active site of the protein that binds actin, part of the cell skeleton, and is linked to cell migration and wound healing [17]D. According to a 2024 study, the biological effects of TB-500 itself had not been documented, and in skin fibroblasts only its breakdown product Ac-LKKTE sped up wound closure, not TB-500 itself [18]D.

Effectiveness and evidence: what the studies show

BPC-157: in humans there are three peer-reviewed pilot studies, all with the same first author and from private clinics [5, 6, 7]B. In a retrospective knee pain review, 11 of the 12 patients who received BPC-157 alone reported clear pain relief, but pain was not measured with a standard tool [5]B. In interstitial cystitis, 10 of 12 women reported their symptoms gone after one treatment [6]B. In a two-person intravenous study, the measured heart, liver, kidney, thyroid and blood glucose values did not change [7]B.

No randomised, peer-reviewed BPC-157 trials in humans have been published. According to the FDA, there is one small study in bowel inflammation available only as a conference abstract, and the data do not support using BPC-157 for it [1]regulator. The first placebo-controlled injury trial, a phase 2 hamstring trial, is recruiting [31]E, not peer-reviewed.

TB-500: there are no human studies. The FDA found no article in which TB-500 was given to a human, and no case report [2]regulator. The first registered TB-500 trial, a placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial on cardiovascular markers, is recruiting [33]E, not peer-reviewed. This trial and the BPC-157 hamstring trial were registered by the same company [31, 33]E, not peer-reviewed.

Head-to-head comparison: one rat study

A head-to-head comparison in humans is missing entirely. The only direct comparison we found is a Turkish rat study from 2026 [4]C.

In the study, the Achilles tendon of 32 rats was cut and surgically repaired. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups of eight: controls, BPC-157, TB-500 and both together. The substances were injected into the abdominal cavity for four weeks [4]C.

The load to failure of the tendon was higher in both the BPC-157 and the TB-500 group than in controls, but the difference was statistically significant only in the TB-500 group. Total scores describing tissue structure were significantly better in the TB-500 group and the combination group, and only numerically better in the BPC-157 group. The combination added no benefit over either substance alone [4]C.

The authors describe the study as exploratory [4]C. The groups were small, so the lack of a significant difference for BPC-157 does not show that there is no effect. In an earlier study by another research group, BPC-157 improved the strength of a cut rat Achilles tendon over 14 days of follow-up [9]C.

Promising, but so far only in animals

These findings look good, but none has been tested in humans [1, 2]regulator. Each item says what was found, what it would mean for a person if it held, and why it may not hold.

BPC-157, tendons, ligaments and muscles (no human studies). What was found: in rats a cut Achilles tendon withstood more load over 14 days of follow-up [9]C, the medial collateral ligament of the knee healed better over 90 days, also when given in drinking water [10]C, and a cut thigh muscle healed better over 72 days [11]C. If it held in humans: tendon, ligament and muscle injuries could heal faster. Why it may not carry over: healthy tissue was cut surgically and the substance was injected into the abdominal cavity half an hour after the injury [9, 11]C, and in the independent comparison the difference for BPC-157 was not significant [4]C. Evidence now: several rat studies; a hamstring trial in humans is recruiting [31]E, not peer-reviewed, and a trial after shoulder surgery has not started yet [32]E, not peer-reviewed.
TB-500, tendons (no human studies). What was found: a repaired Achilles tendon withstood a significantly higher load in rats at four weeks than in controls, and tissue structure was better [4]C. If it held in humans: recovery from a tendon injury or operation could be faster. Why it may not carry over: one study, eight rats per group, injections into the abdominal cavity, four weeks of follow-up [4]C. Evidence now: one rat study; no human studies [2]regulator.
TB-500 and its sequence, wounds and the cornea (no human studies). What was found: the seven amino acid LKKTETQ sequence helped skin wounds heal in aged mice as well as full-length thymosin beta-4 [19]C. In a study published in 2025, a gel containing the TB500 sequence sped up renewal of the corneal surface in an animal model of alkali injury [20]C. If it held in humans: slow-healing wounds or eye surface injuries could be treated with it. Why it may not carry over: the mouse study used the non-acetylated sequence, not the TB-500 product that is sold [19]C, in the gel the sequence was attached to another molecule [20]C, and in a cell study TB-500 itself did not speed up wound closure [18]D. Evidence now: single animal studies by different groups; no human studies [2]regulator.
TB-500, the brain (no human studies). What was found: in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, TB500 and another peptide derived from thymosin beta-4 improved memory test results and reduced brain inflammation, but amyloid in the hippocampus did not change [21]C. If it held in humans: symptoms of dementia could be eased. Why it may not carry over: one mouse study, and the abstract does not say whether TB500 was the same acetylated form as the substance sold online [21]C. Evidence now: one mouse study; no human studies [2]regulator.
What to expect: the first placebo-controlled human trials are under way, BPC-157 in hamstring injuries and TB-500 on cardiovascular markers [31, 33]E, not peer-reviewed.

Harms side by side

BPC-157: no adverse events were reported in the three small human studies [5, 6, 7]B. By December 2025 the FDA adverse event database held three reports on injectable BPC-157: redness and swelling at the injection site, shortness of breath that led to an emergency visit, and darkening of the skin and gums that came back when the product was used again. The last product also contained TB-500, so according to the FDA it is not possible to say which substance caused the symptoms [1]regulator.

In animal studies BPC-157 was well tolerated in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs, and no genetic or embryo-fetal toxicity was seen [15]C. In the FDA's reading, however, the 28-day repeat-dose studies showed signals related to blood clotting and the liver, and carcinogenicity has not been studied [1]regulator.

TB-500: nothing is known about harms in humans. The FDA found no human studies, no case reports and no genotoxicity, reproductive or carcinogenicity studies [2]regulator. The FDA food and supplement database held two reports on blended TB-500 and BPC-157, but they included no safety assessment [2]regulator.

Both: according to the FDA, injectable products may carry a significant risk of immune reactions, potentially amplified by peptide aggregation and impurities [1, 2]regulator. According to Fimea, impurities such as endotoxins that end up in injectable products during manufacture increase the risk of serious health harm [26]regulator.

Dose and route in studies

There is no approved dosing for either, because neither is an approved medicine [29]regulator. BPC-157 has been given to humans into a vein, into the bladder wall and into the knee joint [5, 6, 7]B; the study doses with sources are in the dose table on the BPC-157 page. They are not recommendations.

TB-500 has no dose studied in humans, because there are no human studies [2]regulator. In the rat comparison the substances were injected into the abdominal cavity [4]C, and the proposal assessed by the FDA gave injection under the skin or into a muscle as the route for TB-500 [2]regulator.

Rat doses cannot be converted into human doses. The BPC-157 calculator only converts units and does not suggest a dose.

Taken orally or injected?

BPC-157: in rats, BPC-157 dissolved in drinking water improved healing of the medial collateral ligament of the knee, as did injection into the abdominal cavity and application on the skin [10]C. There are no published data on absorption of oral BPC-157 in humans: a tablet trial in healthy volunteers registered in 2015 has no results, and the record has not been updated since December 2015 [34]E, not peer-reviewed. The FDA found no study in which BPC-157 was given to a human by mouth, under the skin, into the nose or through the skin, and according to the FDA, BPC-157 given as an enema does not appear to be absorbed into the bloodstream [1]regulator.

In animals BPC-157 left the blood quickly: the half-life of the unchanged substance was under 30 minutes in rats and dogs, and of a dose injected into a muscle about 14% to 19% reached the circulation in rats and 45% to 51% in dogs [14]C.

TB-500: we found no studies of TB-500 taken by mouth. In the animal studies the FDA found, TB-500 injected under the skin or into the abdominal cavity reached the circulation and was broken down into smaller peptides [2]regulator. In rats the main breakdown product was Ac-LK, and Ac-LKK was seen in urine for up to 72 hours [18]C.

In whom have they been studied?

Neither is authorised for treating anyone in the EU [29]regulator. Below are the groups in which the substances have been studied.

BPC-157: knee pain patients in a retrospective review [5]B, women with interstitial cystitis [6]B and two adults given an intravenous infusion [7]B. Under way: hamstring injury [31]E, not peer-reviewed. Planned: rotator cuff surgery [32]E, not peer-reviewed.
TB-500: nobody in published studies [2]regulator. Under way: adults with stable atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [33]E, not peer-reviewed.
Thymosin beta-4 (a different substance): healthy volunteers in phase 1 trials [23, 24]A.

Can BPC-157 and TB-500 be combined? The WOLVERINE blend

The combination has not been studied in controlled human trials. In rats, the combination added no benefit over either substance alone [4]C. The only human data on the combination are four patients in the knee study who received BPC-157 and thymosin beta-4 together without a control group (12 received BPC-157 alone); the article does not say whether this was TB-500 [5]B.

In practice the combination is common. The WOLVERINE blend sold online contains BPC-157 and TB-500 according to the sellers, usually in a 1:1 ratio, but the content has not been tested by an independent laboratory [35]E, not peer-reviewed.

In the BPC-157 accounts we collected, 438 of 886 people (49%) used TB-500 at the same time, often as a ready-made blend. These are user reports, not research, and they cannot tell which substance had an effect.

Marketing authorisation, Finnish law and doping

Finland: annex 1 A of the Fimea list of medicines, titled "medicinal substance analogues and prohormones classified as medicines", includes both BPC 157 and TB-500. Decision 230/2025 has been in force since 19 May 2025 [27]regulator. On 29 June 2026 Fimea warned about injectable peptides bought online and named BPC-157 and TB-500 among the examples [26]regulator.

EU: the medicines data of the European Medicines Agency (14 Oct 2026) contain no medicine whose active substance is BPC-157, TB-500 or thymosin beta-4 [29]regulator.

United States: the FDA risk page links both to a risk of immune reactions, and the FDA lacks information on whether TB-500 would cause harm in humans [3]regulator. The FDA advisory committee discussed both on 23 July 2026, and the FDA proposed not adding either to the list of substances pharmacies may compound with [1, 2, 30]regulator.

Sport: on the WADA 2026 Prohibited List, BPC-157 is in class S0 (non-approved substances), and thymosin beta-4 and its derivatives, for example TB-500, in class S2.3 (growth factors). Both classes are banned at all times, also out of competition [28]regulator. Doping laboratories identify the Ac-LKKTETQ form of TB-500 and its breakdown products in urine and plasma [16, 17]D.

This is not legal advice.

What speaks against

Studies that speak against or weaken the promising results:

In the independent Turkish comparison, the difference between the BPC-157 group and controls was not significant [4]C.
There is little evidence on the effects of TB-500 itself: in a cell study only its breakdown product had an effect [18]D, and according to the FDA, TB-500 did not promote wound closure in a cell study [2]regulator.
The combination added no benefit over either substance alone in rats [4]C.
The BPC-157 human studies had no control group, and knee pain was not measured with a standard tool [5]B. According to a review, the placebo effect may explain part of the benefit people feel from peptides, and social media amplifies it [25].
The content of TB500 products bought online did not always match their descriptions [22]D.
One BPC-157 rat study has been retracted, and this page does not use it. No TB-500 studies have been retracted (as of 15 Oct 2026).

What we do not know yet

Whether either helps human injuries heal: there are no controlled results [1, 2]regulator.
Which is more effective: they have not been compared in humans, and even in rats the comparison is one small study [4]C.
Long-term safety: there are no carcinogenicity studies of either [1, 2]regulator.
What a vial sold online contains: the blend rests on the seller's declaration [35]E, not peer-reviewed, and when TB500 products were analysed, the content did not consistently match the description [22]D.
Whether BPC-157 is absorbed by mouth in humans [1]regulator [34]E, not peer-reviewed.

Other comparisons and substance pages

Another comparison and the substance pages:

FAQ

Which is better, BPC-157 or TB-500?

It is not known. They have not been compared in humans. In the only head-to-head rat study, TB-500 improved the strength of a repaired Achilles tendon significantly and BPC-157 only numerically [4]C. In humans BPC-157 has three small studies without a control group [5, 6, 7]B, TB-500 none [2]regulator.

Is TB-500 the same as thymosin beta-4?

No. TB-500 is a seven amino acid piece of thymosin beta-4, in analyses the acetylated Ac-LKKTETQ [16]D. Human studies of thymosin beta-4 are not studies of TB-500 [23, 24]A.

Can BPC-157 and TB-500 be used together?

There is no controlled human study of the combination, and in rats it added no benefit [4]C. In practice the combination is common: 438 of 886 BPC-157 users who shared their accounts used TB-500 at the same time, often as a ready-made blend such as WOLVERINE (user reports, not research). The accounts cannot tell which substance had an effect.

Have BPC-157 or TB-500 been studied in humans?

BPC-157 a little: three small pilot studies without a control group [5, 6, 7]B. TB-500 not at all: the FDA found no article in which it was given to a human [2]regulator. The first placebo-controlled trial of each is under way [31, 33]E, not peer-reviewed.

Are BPC-157 and TB-500 legal in Finland?

Both are in annex 1 A of the Fimea list of medicines (substances classified as medicines), and neither has a marketing authorisation [27, 29]regulator. Fimea warns against injectable peptides bought online [26]regulator. More: Peptides and the law in Finland. This is not legal advice.

Are BPC-157 and TB-500 doping?

Yes. On the WADA 2026 list BPC-157 is in class S0 and TB-500 in class S2.3, and both are banned at all times [28]regulator.

What harms are known?

No adverse events were reported in the BPC-157 pilot studies, but an injection site reaction, shortness of breath and skin darkening have been reported to the FDA; causality is open [1]regulator. Nothing is known about harms of TB-500 in humans [2]regulator. More: Side effects.

What do users report?

User accounts are collected on their own pages: BPC-157 user experiences and TB-500 user experiences. They are user reports, not research.

Sources

FDA. Briefing document, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, 23-24 July 2026: BPC-157-related bulk drug substances (BPC-157 free base and BPC-157 acetate). Read 15 Oct 2026. fda.gov (PDF)
FDA. Briefing document, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, 23-24 July 2026: TB-500-related bulk drug substances (TB-500 free base and TB-500 acetate). Read 15 Oct 2026. fda.gov (PDF)
FDA. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks (content current as of 22 Apr 2026). Read 15 Oct 2026. fda.gov
Biçer O, Adanir O, Güleryüz Y, et al. Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study. Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2026;37(3):822-837. PMID 42542926
Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021;27(4):8-13. PMID 34324435
Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024;30(10):12-17. PMID 39325560
Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025;31(5):20-24. PMID 40131143
Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, et al. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025;21(4):485-495. PMID 40756949
Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Patrlj L, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. PMID 14554208
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Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. PMID 27847966
Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, et al. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110(3):774-780. PMID 21030672
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Ho EN, Kwok WH, Lau MY, et al. Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β4, in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2012;1265:57-69. PMID 23084823
Rahaman KA, Muresan AR, Min H, et al. Simultaneous quantification of TB-500 and its metabolites in in-vitro experiments and rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS/MS and their screening by wound healing activities in-vitro. J Chromatogr B. 2024;1235:124033. PMID 38382158
Philp D, Badamchian M, Scheremeta B, et al. Thymosin beta 4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice. Wound Repair Regen. 2003;11(1):19-24. PMID 12581423
Lu P, Shan M, Peng C, et al. Alkaline Phosphatase-Triggered Spatiotemporal Repair of Corneal Injury with TB500 Peptide Hydrogel. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025;17(50):67503-67518. PMID 41359360
Ou H, Chen R, Zhou L, et al. Thymosin β4-derived peptides alleviate neuroinflammation and neurite atrophy in both in vitro models and in vivo 5 × FAD mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2026;170:116097. PMID 41443105
Delcourt V, Garcia P, Chabot B, et al. TB500/TB1000 and SGF1000: A scientific approach for a better understanding of misbranded and adulterated drugs. Drug Test Anal. 2023;15(4):458-464. PMID 36482504
Wang X, Liu L, Qi L, et al. A first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, single- and multiple-dose, phase I study of recombinant human thymosin β4 in healthy Chinese volunteers. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25(17):8222-8228. PMID 34346165
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Fimea. Fimea warns: do not use injectable peptides purchased online. 29 Jun 2026. fimea.fi
Finnish Medicines Agency (Fimea). Decision on the list of medicines 230/2025, annex 1 A (in force from 19 May 2025), in Finnish. Read 15 Oct 2026. Finlex
WADA. World Anti-Doping Code International Standard: Prohibited List 2026, classes S0 and S2.3. wada-ama.org (PDF)
European Medicines Agency. Medicines data (centrally authorised medicines, data set of 14 Oct 2026): no medicine with BPC-157, TB-500 or thymosin beta-4 as active substance. EMA
FDA. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (agenda and materials; content current as of 6 Aug 2026). Read 15 Oct 2026. fda.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT07437547: BPC 157 for Acute Hamstring Muscle Strain Repair (Hudson Biotech; phase 2; placebo-controlled; recruiting as of 15 Oct 2026). ClinicalTrials.gov not peer-reviewed
ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT07803250: Impact of BPC-157 on Recovery Following Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery (phase 1; not yet recruiting as of 15 Oct 2026). ClinicalTrials.gov not peer-reviewed
ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT07487363: TB-500 (Thymosin Beta 4 17-23 Fragment) for Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Stable ASCVD (Hudson Biotech; phase 1/2; placebo-controlled; recruiting as of 15 Oct 2026). ClinicalTrials.gov not peer-reviewed
ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02637284: PCO-02, Safety and Pharmacokinetics Trial (Bepecin tablets by mouth in healthy volunteers; PharmaCotherapia d.o.o.; phase 1; status unknown; last update 22 Dec 2015; no results). ClinicalTrials.gov not peer-reviewed
Seller product pages for WOLVERINE, 6 sellers, read 13 Oct 2026 (this site's record on the WOLVERINE page): all 6 declare BPC-157 and TB-500; the 3 that give amounts declare a 1:1 ratio. Sellers' own claims, not tested by an independent laboratory. Not linked: this site does not link to sellers. not peer-reviewed

PubMed details checked on 15 Oct 2026. FDA, Finlex, EMA and ClinicalTrials.gov pages read on 15 Oct 2026. Sources 31-35 are not peer reviewed. This page has no seller or affiliate links.

Content is general information about research, not medical advice. If you have symptoms, contact a healthcare professional.